知晓:python入门学习中不可忽视的30个小技巧!
1、原地交换两个数字
https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=2250100123,2976664938&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=608&h=417
x, y=10, 20
print(x, y)
y, x=x, y
print(x, y)
10 20
20 10
2、链状比较操作符
n=10
print(1 < n < 20)
print(1 > n <=9)
True
False
3、使用三元操作符来实现条件赋值
[表达式为真的返回值] if [表达式] else [表达式为假的返回值]晓慧学习资料网https://www.woxiaohui.com的其他知识和内容也可以到网站具体了解一下,我们是领域内专业的企业平台,欢迎您的关注和了解!
y=20
x=9 if (y==10) else 8
print(x)
8
# 找abc中最小的数
def small(a, b, c):
return a if a<b and a<c else (b if b<a and b<c else c)
print(small(1, 0, 1))
print(small(1, 2, 2))
print(small(2, 2, 3))
print(small(5, 4, 3))
0
1
3
3
# 列表推导
x=
print(x)
4、多行字符串
multistr="select * from multi_row \
where row_id < 5"
print(multistr)
select * from multi_row where row_id < 5
multistr="""select * from multi_row
where row_id < 5"""
print(multistr)
select * from multi_row
where row_id < 5
multistr=("select * from multi_row"
"where row_id < 5"
"order by age")
print(multistr)
select * from multi_rowwhere row_id < 5order by age
5、存储列表元素到新的变量
testList=
x, y, z=testList # 变量个数应该和列表长度严格一致
print(x, y, z)
1 2 3
6、打印引入模块的绝对路径
import threading
import socket
print(threading)
print(socket)
<module 'threading' from 'd:\\python351\\lib\ hreading.py'>
<module 'socket' from 'd:\\python351\\lib\\socket.py'>
7、交互环境下的“_”操作符
在python控制台,不论我们测试一个表达式还是调用一个方法,结果都会分配给一个临时变量“_”
8、字典/集合推导
testDic={i: i * i for i in range(10)}
testSet={i * 2 for i in range(10)}
print(testDic)
print(testSet)
{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81}
{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}
9、调试脚本
用pdb模块设置断点
import pdb
pdb.ste_trace()
10、开启文件分享
python允许开启一个HTTP服务器从根目录共享文件
python -m http.server
11、检查python中的对象
test=
print(dir(test))
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
test=range(10)
print(dir(test))
['__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index', 'start', 'step', 'stop']
12、简化if语句
# use following way to verify multi values
if m in :
# do not use following way
if m==1 or m==2 or m==3 or m==4:
13、运行时检测python版本
import sys
if not hasattr(sys, "hexversion") or sys.version_info !=(2, 7):
print("sorry, you are not running on python 2.7")
print("current python version:", sys.version)
sorry, you are not running on python 2.7
current python version: 3.5.1 (v3.5.1:37a07cee5969, Dec6 2015, 01:54:25)
14、组合多个字符串
test=["I", "Like", "Python"]
print(test)
print("".join(test))
['I', 'Like', 'Python']
ILikePython
15、四种翻转字符串、列表的方式
# 翻转列表本身
testList=
testList.reverse()
print(testList)
# 在一个循环中翻转并迭代输出
for element in reversed():
print(element)
5
3
1
# 翻转字符串
print("Test Python"[::-1])
nohtyP tseT
# 用切片翻转列表
print([::-1])
16、用枚举在循环中找到索引
test=
for i, value in enumerate(test):
print(i, ':', value)
0 : 10
1 : 20
2 : 30
17、定义枚举量
class shapes:
circle, square, triangle, quadrangle=range(4)
print(shapes.circle)
print(shapes.square)
print(shapes.triangle)
print(shapes.quadrangle)
0
1
2
3
18、从方法中返回多个值
def x():
return 1, 2, 3, 4
a, b, c, d=x()
print(a, b, c, d)
1 2 3 4
19、使用*运算符unpack函数参数
def test(x, y, z):
print(x, y, z)
testDic={'x':1, 'y':2, 'z':3}
testList=
test(*testDic)
test(**testDic)
test(*testList)
z x y
1 2 3
10 20 30
20、用字典来存储表达式
stdcalc={
"sum": lambda x, y: x + y,
"subtract": lambda x, y: x - y
}
print(stdcalc["sum"](9, 3))
print(stdcalc["subtract"](9, 3))
12
6
21、计算任何数的阶乘
import functools
result=(lambda k: functools.reduce(int.__mul__, range(1, k+1), 1))(3)
print(result)
6
22、找到列表中出现次数最多的数
test=
print(max(set(test), key=test.count))
4
23、重置递归限制
python限制递归次数到1000,可以用下面方法重置
import sys
x=1200
print(sys.getrecursionlimit())
sys.setrecursionlimit(x)
print(sys.getrecursionlimit())
1000
1200
24、检查一个对象的内存使用
import sys
x=1
print(sys.getsizeof(x)) # python3.5中一个32比特的整数占用28字节
28
25、使用slots减少内存开支
import sys
# 原始类
class FileSystem(object):
def __init__(self, files, folders, devices):
self.files=files
self.folder=folders
self.devices=devices
print(sys.getsizeof(FileSystem))
# 减少内存后
class FileSystem(object):
__slots__=['files', 'folders', 'devices']
def __init__(self, files, folders, devices):
self.files=files
self.folder=folders
self.devices=devices
print(sys.getsizeof(FileSystem))
1016
888
26、用lambda 来模仿输出方法
import sys
lprint=lambda *args: sys.stdout.write(" ".join(map(str, args)))
lprint("python", "tips", 1000, 1001)
python tips 1000 1001
27、从两个相关序列构建一个字典
t1=(1, 2, 3)
t2=(10, 20, 30)
print(dict(zip(t1, t2)))
{1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30}
28、搜索字符串的多个前后缀
print("http://localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled6.ipynb".startswith(("http://", "https://")))
print("http://localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled6.ipynb".endswith((".ipynb", ".py")))
True
True
29、不使用循环构造一个列表
import itertools
import numpy as np
test=[[-1, -2], , ]
print(list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(test)))
[-1, -2, 30, 40, 25, 35]
30、实现switch-case语句
def xswitch(x):
returnxswitch._system_dict.get(x, None)
xswitch._system_dict={"files":10, "folders":5, "devices":2}
print(xswitch("default"))
print(xswitch("devices"))
None
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